239 Exteriors

Glossary

Mortar set

The phrase comes up when a patio's pavers are stuck down to a concrete slab rather than locked in place by sand.

Definition

Mortar set describes pavement whose units are adhered directly to a concrete base using mortar, with the joints filled with mortar or stabilized joint material, in the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute's definition; the Brick Industry Association keys its clay paver version as a rigid pavement.

The definition

Adhered directly to a concrete base

ICPI's glossary defines mortar-set pavement by that phrase, units adhered directly to a concrete base using mortar, with the joints filled with mortar or stabilized joint material. That is a different arrangement from a sand-set surface, where the units are compacted into bedding sand and the joints are filled with sand rather than mortar.

The reason

Why BIA says it belongs only over concrete

The Brick Industry Association explains the constraint: pavers set in a mortar setting bed should be installed only over a concrete base, because other types of bases are not rigid enough to resist cracking of the mortar joints.

That narrows the choice ICPI's definition of a paver base otherwise leaves open, where a base can be aggregate, asphalt or concrete: under mortar-set paving, only concrete qualifies. A cracked mortar joint is a repair for an installer or a mason, and a cleaning does not mend it.

Type R

Type R clay pavers, built for the same rigid system

BIA's clay-paver classification names the counterpart directly: Type R pavers are intended to be set in a mortar setting bed with mortar joints over a concrete base, the rigid system its own Technical Note on mortar-set clay paving covers for pedestrian and light vehicular pavements.

That note keys mortar-set clay paving as a rigid pavement, while BIA's Type F clay pavers are intended for a sand setting bed with sand-filled joints instead. How clay brick is cleaned, compared with concrete pavers, is answered on can clay brick be cleaned like concrete pavers, and whether clay brick pavers should be sealed at all is the subject of can brick pavers be sealed. Which bed a reclaimed Chicago brick surface sits in is a question for whoever laid it. Pool coping, the row of material forming the top of a pool wall, is a separate element with its own page.

FAQ

Questions about the term.

More questions are answered one per page in the answers.

Are mortar set and sand set two finishes of one system?

No. Mortar-set units are adhered directly to a concrete base with mortar, and their joints are filled with mortar or a stabilized joint material, per ICPI's definition. Sand-set units are compacted into bedding sand instead, with sand swept into the joints, the flexible, mortarless paving BIA's sand-set note describes.

Why can mortar-set pavers only go over a concrete base?

The Brick Industry Association says other types of bases are not rigid enough to resist cracking of the mortar joints, so its note on mortar-set clay paving calls for a concrete base only. ICPI's own definition of mortar-set pavement also has the units adhered directly to a concrete base. A mortar joint that has cracked is a matter for an installer or a mason.

Are all clay brick pavers mortar set?

No. BIA names two separate types: Type R clay pavers, intended for a mortar setting bed with mortar joints over a concrete base, and Type F clay pavers, intended for a sand setting bed with sand-filled joints. Which type a given surface was built with, and so which of BIA's two paving notes describes its construction, is a question for whoever installed it.

Sources

Where this page's facts come from.

Every technical statement above is drawn from one of these documents. Nothing on this page about 239 Exteriors goes beyond what the company itself states.

  1. Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute / Concrete Masonry and Hardscapes Association. Tech Spec 1, Glossary of Terms for Segmental Concrete Pavement, PAV-TEC-001-23, revised 2023
  2. Brick Industry Association. Technical Note 14C, Paving Systems Using Clay Pavers in a Mortar Setting Bed, July 2011
  3. Brick Industry Association. Technical Note 14, Paving Systems Using Clay Pavers, May 2017
  4. Brick Industry Association. Technical Note 14A, Paving Systems Using Clay Pavers on a Sand Setting Bed, May 2017
  5. WTTW. Ask Geoffrey: What's the History of Chicago Common Brick?, May 14, 2020
  6. Cambridge Dictionary. coping

Page reviewed September 14, 2026. Florida statutes are quoted from the 2026 Florida Statutes; every image on this page is a labeled concept illustration, not a photograph of a completed job.

Keep reading

Where to go next.

Answers

Can brick pavers be sealed?

For fired clay, BIA Technical Note 6A does not recommend colorless coatings on clay paver pavements; concrete brick pavers follow the concrete paver rules.

Read it

Restore. Protect. Impress.

Paver Cleaning

Deep cleaning for driveways, patios and walkways, then a protective sealant against stains, UV damage and weeds.

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